![]() ![]() ![]() The results of these policies, justified as equalizing the savage, are now recognized as savage themselves, impoverishing Native people and denying them fundamental rights. Tribal removal, confinement on reservations, involuntary allotment and boarding schools, tribal termination-all were justified, in part, as necessary to achieve individual Indian equality. In American Indian law and policy, however, these arguments have a long history, dating almost to the founding of the United States. Such attacks align with a modern movement challenging many claims by disadvantaged groups as unfair special rights. In 2018, these efforts won a potentially devastating victory when a federal district court held the Indian Child Welfare Act unconstitutional in Brackeen v. Equality arguments are used today to attack policies furthering Native rights on many fronts, from tribal jurisdiction over non-Indian abusers to efforts to protect salmon populations in the Pacific Northwest. ![]()
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